Do I need another COVID booster? Which one should I choose? Can I get it with my flu shot?

Australians are being urged to roll up their sleeves for a flu vaccine amid rising cases of influenza^[1].

It’s an opportune time to think about other vaccines too, particularly because some vaccines can be given at the same time as the flu vaccine.

One is the COVID vaccine^[2].

Should you get another COVID shot?

More than five years since COVID was declared a pandemic, we hear much less about this virus. But it’s still around^[3].

In 2024 there were 4,953 deaths^[4] involving COVID. This is nearly 20% lower than in 2023, but still nearly five times that of influenza (1,002).

Vaccines, which do a very good job at reducing the chances of severe COVID, remain an important tool^[5] in our ongoing battle against the virus.

Case numbers don’t tell us as much about COVID anymore as fewer people are testing. But based on other ways we monitor the virus, such as cases in ICU^[6] and active outbreaks in residential aged care homes^[7], there have essentially been two peaks a year over recent years – one over summer and one over winter.

This doesn’t mean we can predict exactly when another wave will happen, but it’s inevitable and may well be within the next few months. So it’s worth considering another COVID vaccine if you’re eligible.

Who can get one, and when?

There are several risk factors for more severe COVID, but some of the most important include being older or immunocompromised. For this reason, people aged 75 and older are recommended to receive^[8] a COVID booster every six months^[9].

In the slightly younger 65 to 74 age bracket, or adults aged 18 to 64 who are immunocompromised, booster doses are recommended every 12 months, but people are eligible every six months^[10].

Healthy adults under 65 are eligible for a booster dose every 12 months.

Healthy children aren’t recommended to receive boosters but those who are severely immunocompromised may be eligible.

What COVID shots are currently available?

We’ve seen multiple types of COVID vaccines^[11] since they first became available about four years ago. Over time, different vaccines have targeted different variants as the virus has evolved.

While some vaccine providers may still offer other options, such as the older booster that targeted the Omicron variant XBB.1.5, the recent JN.1 booster^[12] is the most up-to-date and best option.

This is a relatively recently updated version to improve protection against some of the newer strains of COVID that are circulating. The new booster only became available in Australia in late 2024.

This booster, as the name suggests, targets a subvariant called JN.1^[13]. Although JN.1 has not been the dominant subvariant in Australia for some time, this shot is still expected to provide good protection against circulating subvariants, including new subvariants such as LP.8.1^[14], which is descended from JN.1.

While it’s great we have an updated booster available, unfortunately uptake remains poor^[15]. Only 17.3% of people^[16] 75 and over had received a COVID vaccine in the six months to March.

Getting a flu and COVID shot together

Data from more than 17,000 people^[18] who completed a survey after receiving the JN.1 booster shows that while 27% reported at least one adverse event following vaccination, the majority of these were mild, such as local pain or redness or fatigue.

Only 4% of people reported an impact on their routine activities following vaccination, such as missing school or work.

If you choose to get the flu vaccine and the COVID vaccine at the same time, they’ll usually be given in different arms. There shouldn’t be a significant increase in side effects. What’s more, getting both shots at the same time doesn’t reduce your immune response^[19] against either vaccine.

Now is the ideal time to get your flu vaccine. If you’re eligible for a COVID booster as well, getting both vaccines at the same time^[20] is safe and can be very convenient.

We’re conducting trials in Australia^[21], as are scientists elsewhere^[22], of combined vaccines. One day these could allow vaccination against COVID and flu in a single shot – but these are still a way off.

If you’re not sure about your eligibility or have any questions about either vaccine, discuss this with your GP, specialist of pharmacist. Australian state^[23] and federal government^[24] websites also provide reliable information.

References

1. ^{^} rising cases of influenza (www.theage.com.au)
2. ^{^} COVID vaccine (www.cdc.gov)
3. ^{^} it’s still around (www.health.gov.au)
4. ^{^} 4,953 deaths (www.abs.gov.au)
5. ^{^} an important tool (immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au)
6. ^{^} cases in ICU (www.health.gov.au)
7. ^{^} in residential aged care homes (www.health.gov.au)
8. ^{^} are recommended to receive (www.health.gov.au)
9. ^{^} every six months (www.health.gov.au)
10. ^{^} eligible every six months (www.health.gov.au)
11. ^{^} multiple types of COVID vaccines (www.tga.gov.au)
12. ^{^} recent JN.1 booster (www.sbs.com.au)
13. ^{^} a subvariant called JN.1 (theconversation.com)
14. ^{^} such as LP.8.1 (theconversation.com)
15. ^{^} uptake remains poor (www.health.gov.au)
16. ^{^} 17.3% of people (www.health.gov.au)
17. ^{^} Steve Heap/Shutterstock (www.shutterstock.com)
18. ^{^} more than 17,000 people (ausvaxsafety.org.au)
19. ^{^} doesn’t reduce your immune response (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
20. ^{^} both vaccines at the same time (www.cdc.gov)
21. ^{^} trials in Australia (www.materresearch.org.au)
22. ^{^} scientists elsewhere (www.sanofi.com)
23. ^{^} state (www.health.qld.gov.au)
24. ^{^} federal government (www.health.gov.au)