The Times Australia
The Times World News

.
The Times Real Estate

.

To split Moscow from Beijing, Trump is reviving Nixon’s ‘madman diplomacy’. It could backfire badly

  • Written by Ian Langford, Executive Director, Security & Defence PLuS and Professor, UNSW Sydney




When United States President William McKinley advocated high‑tariff protectionism in 1896, he argued squeezing foreign competitors behind a 50% wall of duties would make America richer and safer.

That logic framed US trade debates for a generation, but it was always an economic device – not a geopolitical lever.

In 2025, Donald Trump, now the 47th US president, slapped tariffs on most imported goods to the United States, specifically targeting Chinese imports.

Yet, despite the fact he idolises[1] McKinley, Trump’s emerging grand strategy looks less like his customs schedule and more like Richard Nixon’s “madman” diplomacy of the early 1970s[2].

Trump is signalling that unpredictability, not price schedules, will coerce adversaries and reorder alliances.

An image of irrational resolve

McKinley’s 1890s tariffs nearly doubled average duties, shielding domestic manufacturers but doing little to shift the global balance of power.

The lesson from these tariffs was straightforward: protectionism may enrich some sectors, but it rarely bends rivals’ strategic choices.

Trump’s first term flirted with McKinley-inspired trade wars, industrial policy and “America First” rhetoric. His second term “strategic reset” moves onto darker, Nixonian ground.

Nixon and his secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, cultivated an image of irrational resolve. They hinted they might do “anything”, even use nuclear weapons, to force concessions in Vietnam and alarm the Soviet politburo.

Nixon’s White House chief of staff, H.R. Haldeman, recalled the president demanding Moscow and Hanoi see him as a man “with his hand on the nuclear button[3]”.

The gambit dovetailed with a bold diplomatic inversion. By opening to Mao Zedong’s China, Nixon sought to isolate the Soviet Union.

A black and white photo of a man holding papers.
Nixon hinted he might do ‘anything’, even use nuclear weapons, to force concessions in Vietnam and to alarm the Soviet politburo. AP Photo, File[4]

Trump’s ‘reverse Nixon’ efforts

Half a century later, Trump appears to be running the tape backward.

Rather than prying China from Russia, he is testing[5] whether Moscow can be prised from Beijing.

Chinese President Xi Jinping arrives in Moscow on May 7 to attend celebrations to mark the Victory Day in Russia. RIA Novosti/EPA

In early April, he imposed a blanket 54% tariff on Chinese goods – yet exempted Russia, Cuba and North Korea from the harshest duties.

The White House has simultaneously floated selective sanctions relief for Moscow if Vladimir Putin shows “flexibility” on Ukraine.

Trump’s boosters call the manoeuvre a “reverse Nixon”: befriend the weaker adversary to hem in the stronger.

Al-Jazeera recently reported[6] senior US officials and analysts believe deepening ties with Russia could splinter the Sino‑Russian axis that has unnerved US strategists for years.

But Foreign Affairs warns[7] that even if Washington dangled lavish incentives, Putin would “play Washington and Beijing off each other” rather than choose sides.

Australia’s Strategic Policy Institute is blunter: the idea of splitting the pair is “a delusion[8]”.

Nor is the madman pose guaranteed to intimidate. Scholars note[9] Nixon’s bluff worked only when coupled with painstaking back‑channel diplomacy; the façade of irrationality still required a coherent end‑game.

Trump’s record of erratic statements on NATO, sudden tariff escalations and social media outbursts risks convincing adversaries that chaos is the message, not the method.

Two men clink glasses of wine.
Driving a wedge between Moscow and Beijing would be a coup for the US. Pavel Byrkin, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP, File[10]

Success would require discipline

Yet, the strategic prize is real.

A durable Sino‑Russian alignment forces Washington to split resources across two theatres, complicates sanctions enforcement, and gives Beijing access to Russian hydrocarbons and military technologies.

Even a partial wedge – Moscow adopting neutrality in a potential Indo‑Pacific crisis, for instance – would lighten America’s load and disadvantage China.

Can Trump craft a credible offer? Tariff exemptions and the hint of sanctions relief are carrots; resumed arms‑control talks and guarantees of Russian equities in a post‑war Ukraine settlement could sweeten the pot.

The sticks are clear: escalating tariffs and technology bans on China, plus renewed US gas exports aimed at undercutting Sino‑Russian energy deals.

The fact CIA Director John Ratcliffe called China[11] the “top national security threat” in his confirmation hearings earlier this year – relegating Russia to a lesser threat – underscores the hierarchy.

Still, success would require disciplined messaging and allied buy‑in, traits not often associated with madman theatrics.

If European and Indo‑Pacific partners suspect Washington will mortgage Ukraine’s security or trade their markets for a fleeting Moscow détente, unity will fray.

Three men sit on chairs and talk. Unity will fray if Europe suspects Washington is willing to mortgage Ukraine’s security. AP Photo/ Mystyslav Chernov, File[12]

For Australia, the stakes are immense

For Canberra, the calculus is stark.

Australia’s primary challenge is a more assertive China, not a distant Russia.

If Trump could drive even a hairline crack between Moscow and Beijing, the Indo‑Pacific balance would tilt in favour of the US and its allies.

A Russia preoccupied with Europe or simply unwilling to share sensitive missile and space technologies would deprive China of critical enablers.

Conversely, a bungled “reverse Nixon” strategy could embolden both autocracies.

Should Putin benefit from US tariff exemptions and sanctions relief while deepening defence ties with Beijing — as recent drone and satellite deals suggest[13] – Australia would face a sharper, more integrated adversarial bloc.

The lesson, for Australia, is to hedge: continue deepening AUKUS technology sharing, accelerate long‑range strike acquisition, and tighten diplomatic coordination with Japan, India and ASEAN states.

For Australia, perched on Asia’s faultline, the stakes are immense. A successful wedge would ease pressure on the “first‑island chain[14]” – the chain of strategic islands that stretches from Japan through Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia – and give Canberra precious strategic depth.

A failed gambit risks confronting Australian forces with a tandem of nuclear‑armed revisionists (Russia and China) emboldened by US miscalculation.

References

  1. ^ idolises (www.theguardian.com)
  2. ^ “madman” diplomacy of the early 1970s (www.tandfonline.com)
  3. ^ with his hand on the nuclear button (history.state.gov)
  4. ^ AP Photo, File (photos.aap.com.au)
  5. ^ testing (www.aspistrategist.org.au)
  6. ^ reported (www.aljazeera.com)
  7. ^ warns (www.foreignaffairs.com)
  8. ^ a delusion (www.aspistrategist.org.au)
  9. ^ note (www.tandfonline.com)
  10. ^ Pavel Byrkin, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP, File (photos.aap.com.au)
  11. ^ China (nypost.com)
  12. ^ AP Photo/ Mystyslav Chernov, File (photos.aap.com.au)
  13. ^ suggest (www.rferl.org)
  14. ^ first‑island chain (thediplomat.com)

Read more https://theconversation.com/to-split-moscow-from-beijing-trump-is-reviving-nixons-madman-diplomacy-it-could-backfire-badly-255878

The Times Features

Exclusive Murray River experiences with the PS Murray Princess

SeaLink South Australia is delighted to unveil two brand-new, limited-time cruise experiences aboard the award-winning PS Murray Princess, offering guests an extraordinary oppo...

Carrie Bickmore and Guy Sebastian’s Christmas house swap ends in a hilarious prank

Carrie Bickmore and Guy Sebastian took their celebrity friendship to the next level over summer – by swapping houses. The pair revealed on The Hit Network’s Carrie & Tommy...

Welt Schatz.com Offers Premium Membership To Elevate Users' Status

London, United Kingdom - Welt Schatz.com is a financial services firm that operates across digital platforms, focusing on expanding user benefits through practical tools and acce...

How to buy a coffee machine

For coffee lovers, having a home coffee machine can transform your daily routine, allowing you to enjoy café-quality drinks without leaving your kitchen. But with so many optio...

In the Digital Age, Online Promotion Isn't Just an Option for Small Businesses – It's a Necessity

The shift to an online-first consumer landscape means small businesses must embrace digital promotion to not only survive but thrive in 2025. From expanding reach to fostering cu...

Sorbet Balls by bubbleme Bring Bite-Sized Cool Spin to Frozen Snacking

A cool new frozen treat is rolling into the ice-cream aisle at Woolworths stores nationwide. Dairy-free, gluten-free and free from artificial colours, bubbleme Sorbet Balls ar...

Times Magazine

Senior of the Year Nominations Open

The Allan Labor Government is encouraging all Victorians to recognise the valuable contributions of older members of our community by nominating them for the 2025 Victorian Senior of the Year Awards.  Minister for Ageing Ingrid Stitt today annou...

CNC Machining Meets Stage Design - Black Swan State Theatre Company & Tommotek

When artistry meets precision engineering, incredible things happen. That’s exactly what unfolded when Tommotek worked alongside the Black Swan State Theatre Company on several of their innovative stage productions. With tight deadlines and intrica...

Uniden Baby Video Monitor Review

Uniden has released another award-winning product as part of their ‘Baby Watch’ series. The BW4501 Baby Monitor is an easy to use camera for keeping eyes and ears on your little one. The camera is easy to set up and can be mounted to the wall or a...

Top Benefits of Hiring Commercial Electricians for Your Business

When it comes to business success, there are no two ways about it: qualified professionals are critical. While many specialists are needed, commercial electricians are among the most important to have on hand. They are directly involved in upholdin...

The Essential Guide to Transforming Office Spaces for Maximum Efficiency

Why Office Fitouts MatterA well-designed office can make all the difference in productivity, employee satisfaction, and client impressions. Businesses of all sizes are investing in updated office spaces to create environments that foster collaborat...

The A/B Testing Revolution: How AI Optimized Landing Pages Without Human Input

A/B testing was always integral to the web-based marketing world. Was there a button that converted better? Marketing could pit one against the other and see which option worked better. This was always through human observation, and over time, as d...

LayBy Shopping