Australia is running out of affordable, safe places to live^[1]. Rents and mortgages are climbing faster than wages, and young people fear they may never own a home^[2].

At the same time, climate change is getting worse. Last year was Australia’s second‑hottest on record^[3]. Global warming is leading to more frequent and severe bushfires, floods and heatwaves.

These two crises feed each other. Energy-hungry homes strain the grid on hot days, and urban sprawl locks residents into in long car commutes. And dangerous, climate-driven disasters damage homes^[4] and push insurance bills higher^[5].

It makes policy sense to deal with both crises^[6] in tandem. So what are Labor, the Coalition and the Greens offering on both climate action and housing, and are they fixing both problems together?

This election campaign, what are Labor, the Coalition and the Greens offering on both climate action and housing? James Ross/AAP

Labor

On housing, Labor has promised A$10 billion to build up to 100,000 new homes^[7] for first home buyers, over eight years. It is also committed to the national cabinet target of 1.2 million homes by 2029^[8].

A returned Labor government would also allow first home buyers to use a 5% deposit^[9] to purchase a property. And it would invest in modern construction methods^[10] to speed up the building process and make housing more affordable.

On climate policy, Labor is aiming for a^[11] 43% cut to emissions by 2030 (based on 2005 levels) and net-zero emissions by 2050. It has also pledged home battery rebates up to $4,000^[12].

The verdict: Labor’s plan represents progress on both climate and housing policy, but the two are moving on separate tracks.

Buildings account for almost a quarter^[13] of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. But Labor has not made any assurances that the promised new homes will have minimal climate impact.

Labor’s commitment to new construction methods is welcome. Modern solutions such as prefabricated housing can substantially reduce emissions^[14]. However, the spending represents only a tiny proportion of Labor’s $33 billion housing plans^[15].

Labor has promised $10 billion to build 100,000 new homes. Lukas Coch/AAP

The Coalition

A Coalition government would permit first home buyers to pull up to $50,000 from their superannuation savings^[16] for a home deposit. It would also make the interest on the first $650,000 of a new home loan^[17] tax-deductible.

The Coalition has also pledged $5 billion to speed up home-infrastructure development^[18] such as water and power, and would reduce immigration^[19] to ease housing demand.

A Dutton-led government would also freeze building standard improvements^[20] for a decade, because it claims some improvements make homes more expensive.

On climate change, it would review Labor’s 43% emissions-reduction target, expand gas production and build small modular nuclear reactors^[21] at seven former coal sites.

The verdict: The Coalition’s housing and climate policies are not integrated. And while freezing changes to the national building code might lower the upfront costs of buying a home, it may prevent the introduction of more stringent energy-efficiency standards. This would both contribute to the climate problem and lock in higher power bills^[22].

The Coalition’s housing and climate policies not integrated. Mich Tsikas/AAP

The Greens

The Greens say rent increases should be capped at 2%^[23] every two years. It is also pushing for 610,000 public and affordable homes^[24] in a decade, to be delivered by the federal government. Property tax breaks^[25], such as negative gearing, would be wound back.

On climate action, the Greens want a 75% emissions cut by 2030^[26] and a ban on all new coal and gas projects. The party is also advocating for large public investment in renewable energy^[27] and grants to help households disconnect from gas appliances and install electric alternatives^[28].

The party says its housing plans slash energy bills and emissions^[29], because more homes would be energy-efficient and powered by clean energy.

The verdict: The Greens offer the most integrated climate-housing policy vision. But its plan may not be feasible. It would require massive public expenditure, significant tax reform, and logistical capabilities beyond current government capacity.

The Greens, led by Adam Bandt, offer the most integrated climate-housing policy vision, but it may not be feasible. Jason O'Brien/AAP

An integrated fix matters

Neither Labor, the Coalition nor the Greens has proposed a truly integrated, feasible policy framework to tackle the issues of housing and climate together.