Sport officials, regardless of which code they supervise, are appointed to be impartial figures.

They have to quickly interpret infractions, adjudicate rules and communicate commands, all while maintaining the highest levels of objectivity and sense – not to mention the fitness required.

So, what does it take to become a sport official at the elite level, such as NRL referees or AFL umpires?

And why do so many sports fans think these officials are at fault when their team keeps getting penalised?

Read more: 1 in 5 community footy umpires have been assaulted, while others cop death threats: new research^[1]

It’s harder than you think

Recently, there were calls for Ashley Klein to be stripped of officiating duties^[2] for the third and final rugby league State of Origin clash after NRL commentators queried a one-sided penalty count in the Maroons’ favour during game two in Perth.

Likewise, the AFL recently faced criticism^[3] when video evidence revealed Collingwood’s Lachie Schultz had suffered a concussion, but the umpires in charge failed to stop play immediately, as they should have.

Every week, fans also voice their displeasure at perceived injustices, whether that be at the ground, watching on TV or venting on social media.

However, very few people fully understand^[4] the complexity or intricacies of what it takes to perform a sport official’s role, particularly at the elite level.

Elite officials must have detailed rule knowledge^[5], incredible physical and mental fitness and be composed regardless of crowd pressure. They must be able to instantly move on from any mistakes made.

They also need situational awareness and a level of calmness to effectively supervise two groups of competitors fiercely battling against each other in these highly charged environments.

Figuratively speaking, this can be like emergency department (ED) doctors or air traffic controllers, who are required to manage multiple events^[6] and competing task demands in a calm and consistent manner.

Even though elite officials don’t work continuously for long hours like ED doctors or pilots – the total playing time of most of our winter sporting codes is generally between 90-120 minutes – the level of concentration, composure and mental toughness required is immense.

Making good decisions when both players and the ball are constantly shifting position also requires exceptional game understanding^[7] and an ability to convey decisions that are appropriate to the game context.

In other words, elite referees operate in situations in which time pressure, stress and high risk decision-making are always present.

So who would want to perform a role where coaches, fans and some sections of the media continually question your knowledge^[8], integrity and skills?

Professional or part-time?

Currently, of Australia’s major winter codes, only the NRL has a full quota of referees who are full time, paid professionals^[9].

Soccer’s A-League has a small group of full-time officials^[10] and an impressive number of top officials are part of FIFA’s panel of international referees^[11]. Yet, most A-League referees are part-time operators^[12].

Similarly, Rugby Australia has a small team of full-time professional referees^[13] who are appointed to Super League games and international matches not involving Australia, but most are part-timers.

In the AFL, most umpires work part-time^[14], with pressure mounting on the league to transition its umpires into full-time positions as ongoing criticisms^[15] over controversial decisions continue to grow.

What elite officials get paid can be shrouded in secrecy^[16] but AFL field umpires reportedly earn A$120–130,000 each year while the best NRL referees earn more than $300,000 each season^[17].

Current pathways into the top level for most sporting codes require extensive apprenticeships in lower grades^[18].

To reach those top pay levels, extensive on-field experience in lower grades is required. Those who stand out are selected in high-performance squads where specialist coaching is provided.

An often thankless task

So, do you think you have what it takes to be an elite sports official?

Could you maintain an optimal level of physical and cognitive performance while running at high speeds when you know every decision you make can be reviewed by video technology^[19] and re-watched in slow motion at one 25th of a second?

It might be good to remember most decisions in sport are not black and white^[20].

Referees are human. They make mistakes. Sometimes they have to follow a policy or refereeing method they might not agree with.

However, what we need to remember before we shout at them during a game is elite officials are trying to make games as fair, open, free flowing and entertaining as possible as they strive to impartially apply the rules of the game.

References

1. ^{^} 1 in 5 community footy umpires have been assaulted, while others cop death threats: new research (theconversation.com)
2. ^{^} stripped of officiating duties (www.news.com.au)
3. ^{^} the AFL recently faced criticism (www.abc.net.au)
4. ^{^} very few people fully understand (doi.org)
5. ^{^} detailed rule knowledge (www.sciencedirect.com)
6. ^{^} manage multiple events (doi.org)
7. ^{^} exceptional game understanding (doi.org)
8. ^{^} continually question your knowledge (clubrespect.org.au)
9. ^{^} full time, paid professionals (www.odds.com.au)
10. ^{^} small group of full-time officials (aleagues.com.au)
11. ^{^} FIFA’s panel of international referees (www.footballaustralia.com.au)
12. ^{^} part-time operators (www.foxsports.com.au)
13. ^{^} small team of full-time professional referees (www.rugby.com.au)
14. ^{^} most umpires work part-time (www.foxsports.com.au)
15. ^{^} ongoing criticisms (www.foxsports.com.au)
16. ^{^} shrouded in secrecy (www.givemesport.com)
17. ^{^} earn more than $300,000 each season (www.nrl.com)
18. ^{^} extensive apprenticeships in lower grades (www.nrl.com)
19. ^{^} reviewed by video technology (www.nrl.com)
20. ^{^} are not black and white (www.zerotackle.com)