Fri Apr 11

Coalition plan to dump fuel efficiency penalties would make Australia a global outlier

Written by Anna Mortimore, Lecturer, Griffith Business School, Griffith University

The Coalition has announced it would, if elected to government, weaken a scheme aimed at cutting car emissions ^[1].

The scheme, known as the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard ^[2] (NVES), was introduced by the Albanese government and was due to take effect in July. It involved issuing penalties ^[3] to automakers that breach an emissions ceiling on their total new car sales.

The new Coalition plan, announced ^[4] this week, would see such penalties abolished.

But the penalties are crucial. Without penalties, automakers have limited incentive to supply fuel efficient, low or zero-CO₂ emitting vehicles to the Australian market.

If this plan became government policy, it would make Australia an international outlier – and put at risk Australia’s ability to meet its obligations under the Paris climate agreement.

An international outlier

More than 85% of the international car market is covered by fuel efficiency standards ^[5].

Without a robust New Vehicle Efficiency Standard scheme, complete with penalties for automakers that break the rules, Australia would join Russia ^[6] in the tiny minority of developed countries without strong fuel efficiency standards for new vehicles.

Abolishing the penalties embedded in the scheme also risks making Australia the world’s dumping ground for inefficient vehicles.

That’s because the penalties embedded in the scheme are there to incentivise automakers to sell more efficient vehicles in Australia.

The current scheme, as it is, is not particularly punitive. Automakers that breach their cap of emissions are given up to two years ^[7] to fix their mistakes before being issued with a financial penalty.

Weakening the scheme won’t help make it easier for Australians to buy fuel-efficient cars.

Leader of the Opposition Peter Dutton visits BlueScope steel facility in Erskine Park, in western Sydney on day 12 of his 2025 Federal Election Campaign

Liberal leader Peter Dutton has called the scheme a ‘car tax’. AAP Image/Mick Tsikas ^[8]

Decarbonising Australian roads

The 2015 Paris Agreement, to which Australia is a signatory, requires developed nations to decarbonise their transport by as much as 80% by 2050 ^[9].

Carbon emissions from Australian transport accounts for 21.1% of the nation’s emissions (to June 2023 ^[10]).

It represents the third largest source ^[11] of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia.

Without measures aimed at making cars more fuel efficient, Australia’s CO₂ emissions will continue to rise. It will be harder to meet our commitments under the Paris Agreement.

It’s regulation, not a tax

The Coalition, which is hoping to pick up votes in outer-ring suburbs, has called the penalties embedded in the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard scheme a “car tax”.

Liberal leader Peter Dutton said this week ^[12]:

This is a tax on families who need a reliable car and small businesses trying to grow. Instead of making life easier, Labor is making it harder and more expensive […] We want cleaner, cheaper cars on Australian roads as we head towards net zero by 2050, but forcing unfair penalties on carmakers and consumers is not the answer.

But these penalties are not a tax; they are a form of regulation. Automakers that meet the rules ^[13] wouldn’t have to pay penalties, under the current scheme.

If the goal is to reduce people’s hip-pocket pain at the bowser, the focus should be on ensuring Australians can buy fuel-efficient vehicles.

That means incentivising automakers to bring fuel-efficient vehicles to the Australian market. It also means avoiding any policy that encourages carmakers to see Australia as a dumping ground for gas-guzzling vehicles.