Travellers with disability often face discrimination. What should change and how to complain

Australia’s former disability discrimination commissioner, Graeme Innes, has settled his dispute with Adelaide Airport^[1]. His complaint to the Human Rights Commission was lodged after being denied access to a body scanner with his assistance dog in May 2022^[2].

Unfortunately, Innes’ experience will resonate widely with Australia’s 4.4 million people with disability^[3].

“People with disability know how challenging air travel can be, and that experience needs to be more inclusive,” said Innes, who was disability discrimination commissioner for nine years and is on the board of the National Disability Insurance Agency^[4].

Experiences like Innes’ have been widely reported^[5] and have happened to prominent Australians with disability^[6]. The everyday experience of air travel is likely even more shocking. Change is happening, but it is moving slowly.

Read more: What does a building need to call itself 'accessible' – and is that enough?^[7]

Airport and airline ableism

The Human Rights Commission received more than 100 disability discrimination complaints against airlines^[8] in the six years to 2022, including the period in which COVID restrictions saw air travel severely limited.

Issues included:

• assistance animal refusals
• inaccessible facilities
• inaccessible ticketing arrangements for people with vision impairments
• taxis and rideshare providers not turning up, long delays or refusing passengers with disability aids and/or assistance animals.

These issues highlight a system underpinned by unchallenged ableism^[9] – discrimination that favours people without disability.

Freedom of movement

An important right under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities^[10] is freedom of movement. This right seeks to enable all people to be included in society in ways they self-determine^[11].

Ableism in air travel is a fundamental denial of independence and freedom of movement. Discrimination can be even more blatant and offensive. People have been removed from flights or denied boarding because there are limits on the number of wheelchair users who can access an aircraft^[12] or because they require additional support to access facilities.

People with disability report the removal of, or damage to, personal mobility equipment^[13], and lack of suitable equipment. In the most severe cases, people have been injured during travel^[14] or left stranded in dangerous circumstances.

Inconsistency can fuel ableism

Inconsistent policies and practices significantly impact travellers with disability. This is made worse by the fact that individual airlines and airports are encouraged by government to develop their own Disability Access Facilitation Plans^[15].

So, it is not surprising when news reports highlight instances of assistance dogs being denied travel domestically^[16] and internationally^[17], even when they’ve previously been approved by other airlines.

Lack of consistency, negative attitudes, stereotypes and prejudices in the air travel industry have resulted in reportedly aggressive eviction of passengers^[18] with disability from exit rows. Others report being told to “catheterise^[19]” (to insert a tube through the urethra to the bladder) to avoid needing toilet facilities on an overseas flight. Many people with disability experience situations like Innes’ where they are subjected to alternative, sometimes undignified, processes.

Ongoing experiences of ableism not only deny people with disability their rights to travel but can also damage their dignity^[20]. Anticipation of discrimination can increase anxiety and stress for travellers with disability or prevent them travelling altogether.

Read more: Here's why we need a disability rights act – not just a disability discrimination one^[21]

Slow reform

These stories and many others point to the need for urgent reform.

Stories shared by more than 60 participants in a special Disability Royal Commission session prompted its chair to write directly to the CEOs^[22] of Australian airlines and airports, urging them to work on solutions.The review and modernisation of the 2002 Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport^[23] along with the upcoming release of the Australian government’s Aviation White Paper^[24] could be key mechanisms to address systemic discrimination. But only if key recommendations from disability organisations and advocacy centres are adopted. They include:

1. specific standards^[25] for air travel co-designed with people with disability and representative organisations. Universal design^[26] aims to make products and environments usable by all people, without adaptation. It can play an important role in overcoming the systemic barriers in infrastructure and service design to create more seamless and inclusive transport and air travel experiences

2. reportable and enforceable standards^[27] and independent oversight, such as funding the Human Rights Commission to oversee compliance.

References

1. ^{^} with Adelaide Airport (www.abc.net.au)
2. ^{^} May 2022 (graemeinnes.com)
3. ^{^} 4.4 million people with disability (www.aihw.gov.au)
4. ^{^} National Disability Insurance Agency (www.ndis.gov.au)
5. ^{^} reported (www.theguardian.com)
6. ^{^} prominent Australians with disability (www.smh.com.au)
7. ^{^} What does a building need to call itself 'accessible' – and is that enough? (theconversation.com)
8. ^{^} 100 disability discrimination complaints against airlines (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
9. ^{^} ableism (theconversation.com)
10. ^{^} United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (www.un.org)
11. ^{^} included in society in ways they self-determine (www.tandfonline.com)
12. ^{^} limits on the number of wheelchair users who can access an aircraft (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
13. ^{^} personal mobility equipment (www.abc.net.au)
14. ^{^} injured during travel (www.9news.com.au)
15. ^{^} Disability Access Facilitation Plans (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
16. ^{^} domestically (www.abc.net.au)
17. ^{^} internationally (www.abc.net.au)
18. ^{^} reportedly aggressive eviction of passengers (www.independent.co.uk)
19. ^{^} catheterise (qdn.org.au)
20. ^{^} damage their dignity (www.tandfonline.com)
21. ^{^} Here's why we need a disability rights act – not just a disability discrimination one (theconversation.com)
22. ^{^} write directly to the CEOs (disability.royalcommission.gov.au)
23. ^{^} 2002 Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
24. ^{^} Aviation White Paper (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
25. ^{^} specific standards (www.infrastructure.gov.au)
26. ^{^} Universal design (www.engineersaustralia.org.au)
27. ^{^} reportable and enforceable standards (piac.asn.au)
28. ^{^} AAP Image/Mick Tsikas (photos-cdn.aap.com.au)
29. ^{^} A new year means new fitness goals. But options for people with disability are few and far between (theconversation.com)
30. ^{^} Human Rights Commission (humanrights.gov.au)
31. ^{^} Disability Rights Act (teamdsc.com.au)
32. ^{^} 'I want to get bogged at a beach in my wheelchair and know people will help'. Micheline Lee on the way forward for the NDIS (theconversation.com)