Latest government bid to dictate research directions builds on a decade of failure

The acting minister for education and youth, Stuart Robert, wrote a letter^[1] last week to Australian Research Council (ARC^[2]) CEO Sue Thomas, listing four demands^[3]. These included changes to ARC funding models and an overhaul of the ARC itself. These “expectations” were repackaged for the public in a press release^[4] on Tuesday entitled “New direction for the Australian Research Council to help secure Australia’s recovery”.

While the media release applies the usual positive political spin, the letter itself – although light on detail – crystallises some concerning matters. These are:

• a history of confused and often conflicting messaging about what is meant by priority areas and national interest in determining research funding

• the government’s failure – after eight years in office – to achieve its aspirations for research commercialisation

• the government’s loss of trust in the ARC.

Thomas has now advised the government she will step down prematurely^[5] from her role early next year. Her reasons have not been made public, but one can’t help wondering if the weight of the unrealistic demands have figured in her decision-making.

Looks a lot like government picking winners

The ARC administers the National Competitive Grants Program^[6]. This program invests about A$800 million a year in the highest-quality fundamental and applied research across all disciplines other than clinical and medical research, which is funded through the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC^[7]).

Importantly, 40% of this allocation is committed through the ARC Linkage Program^[8]. This program funds collaborative projects between universities and industry and community organisations. The end game is to stimulate the transfer of skills and knowledge to deliver public benefit.

Read more: How to get the most out of research when universities and industry team up^[9]

The minister is now demanding that 70% of the Linkage Program funding goes to the government’s National Manufacturing Priorities^[10]. The six priorities were devised as part of the 2020 Make it Happen: the Australian Government’s Modern Manufacturing Strategy^[11]. A number of these already enjoy significant government support.

Interestingly, the government also has in place Science and Research Priorities^[12]. All applicants for ARC funding are already asked to address these. Although introduced in 2015, and supposedly meant to be reviewed every two years, these priorities have never informed funding.

In 2019, the ARC was asked to review^[13] the Science and Research Priorities with regard to how they apply to the National Competitive Grants Program as well as government science, research and innovation agendas. These priorities are problematic because, aside from never really having been priorities in terms of government investment in research, they exclude humanities and social sciences.

Read more: We need to fund more than just science priorities for Australia's future^[14]

Thus, a review was an opportunity to rethink how disciplines can deliver public good. Nothing seems to have come of it. The ARC lost an opportunity to get on the front foot in guiding future direction for research.

The latest ministerial manoeuvre essentially renders the Science and Research Priorities obsolete. And the losers are not just humanities and social sciences again, but also science disciplines that were once deemed noteworthy. This edict sends an undesirable message to the sector: when it comes to achieving positive impacts for society through collaborative research, there are lesser disciplines.

The narrowing of focus by insisting more funding go to National Manufacturing Priorities is madness. Essentially, it devalues partnerships addressing other important challenges in society that deserve support.

Years of rhetoric for little return

By devaluing non-manufacturing-related research, the manoeuvre has unwittingly created possible disincentives within the broader research sector for undertaking collaborative research.

Throughout its nearly decade-long concern with improving university-industry engagement to ensure researchers’ work translates to benefits for end users, the government has adopted motivational tactics. For example, the Research Block Grant^[15], involving performance-based funding for universities, underwent a change of formula in 2015 to reward universities for securing industry and other such funding. And the ARC’s Engagement and Impact Assessment^[16], announced as part of the 2015 National Innovation and Science Agenda^[17], was meant to magically enhance engagement, even though outcomes do not translate to performance funding.

Read more: Where is the evidence for ERA? Time's up for Australia's research evaluation system^[18]

We have had many years of rhetoric about improving university-industry engagement to boost commercial returns from research. It is time to call the government’s shallow commercialisation thinking (policy would be too generous a term) for what it is – a failure. The changes to the Linkage Program smell of one last desperate attempt to reverse that failure.

Read more: Our unis are far behind the world's best at commercialising research. Here are 3 ways to catch up^[19]

Playing the national interest card again

Another interesting demand in the minister’s letter is a strengthening of the National Interest Test (NIT). This includes expanding the College of Experts charged with applying the test and making recommendations to the minister.

The National Interest Test itself is a ministerial invention devised to exonerate the foolhardy actions of a former minister. It was hastily cobbled together in 2018^[20] following a controversy over the rejection by the then education minister, Simon Birmingham, of 11 ARC-approved grants^[21].

Read more: National interest test for research grants could further erode pure research^[22]

The new test essentially replaced the Benefit and Impact Statement that had previously been in applications. The key difference is that the National Interest Test was presented in the context of ensuring public confidence as opposed to achieving public good. It seems Minister Robert is just as intent on maintaining public confidence, particularly through the inclusion of more individuals from outside the research sector to evaluate applications.

But, by doing so, the minister risks diluting the expertise needed to evaluate whether the design of a project is such that it will deliver positive outcomes for society. Anyone with good writing skills and a creative inkling can devise a National Interest Test statement that is palatable to the public. Only a gifted researcher can devise a research project that will generate genuine public good.

The ARC has one year to deliver on the minister’s demands – an unrealistic expectation. Given the madness of the demands, one can’t help wondering if it is even worth trying.

References

1. ^{^} letter (www.arc.gov.au)
2. ^{^} ARC (www.arc.gov.au)
3. ^{^} listing four demands (www.innovationaus.com)
4. ^{^} press release (ministers.dese.gov.au)
5. ^{^} step down prematurely (www.innovationaus.com)
6. ^{^} National Competitive Grants Program (www.arc.gov.au)
7. ^{^} NHMRC (www.nhmrc.gov.au)
8. ^{^} Linkage Program (www.arc.gov.au)
9. ^{^} How to get the most out of research when universities and industry team up (theconversation.com)
10. ^{^} National Manufacturing Priorities (www.industry.gov.au)
11. ^{^} Make it Happen: the Australian Government’s Modern Manufacturing Strategy (www.industry.gov.au)
12. ^{^} Science and Research Priorities (www.arc.gov.au)
13. ^{^} asked to review (www.arc.gov.au)
14. ^{^} We need to fund more than just science priorities for Australia's future (theconversation.com)
15. ^{^} Research Block Grant (www.dese.gov.au)
16. ^{^} Engagement and Impact Assessment (www.arc.gov.au)
17. ^{^} National Innovation and Science Agenda (www.industry.gov.au)
18. ^{^} Where is the evidence for ERA? Time's up for Australia's research evaluation system (theconversation.com)
19. ^{^} Our unis are far behind the world's best at commercialising research. Here are 3 ways to catch up (theconversation.com)
20. ^{^} cobbled together in 2018 (ministers.dese.gov.au)
21. ^{^} 11 ARC-approved grants (www.theguardian.com)
22. ^{^} National interest test for research grants could further erode pure research (theconversation.com)