How often should you wash your sheets and towels?

Everyone seems to have a different opinion when it comes to how often towels and bed sheets should be washed^[1]. While many people might wonder whether days or weeks is best, in one survey from the United Kingdom, almost half of single men^[2] reported not washing their sheets for up to four months at a time.

It’s fairly clear that four months is too long to leave it, but what is the ideal frequency?

Bed linen and towels are quite different and so should be washed at different intervals. While every week or two will generally suffice for sheets, towels are best washed every few days.

Anyway, who doesn’t love the feeling of a fresh set of sheets or the smell of a newly laundered towel?

Why you should wash towels more often

When you dry yourself, you deposit thousands of skin cells^[3] and millions of microbes^[4] onto the towel. And because you use your towel to dry yourself after a shower or bath, your towel is regularly damp.

You also deposit a hefty amount of dead skin, microbes, sweat and oils onto your sheets^[5] every night. But unless you’re a prolific night sweater, your bedding doesn’t get wet after a night’s sleep.

Towels are also made of a thicker material than sheets and therefore tend to stay damp for longer.

Read more: All the reasons you might be having night sweats – and when to see a doctor^[6]

So what is it about the dampness that causes a problem? Wet towels are a breeding ground for bacteria and moulds. Moulds^[7] especially love damp environments^[8]. Although mould won’t necessarily be visible (you would need significant growth to be able to see it) this can lead to an unpleasant smell.

As well as odours, exposure to these microbes^[9] in your towels and sheets can cause asthma^[10], allergic skin irritations, or other skin infections^[11].

So what’s the ideal frequency?

For bedding, it really depends on factors such as whether you have a bath or shower just before going to bed, or if you fall into bed after a long, sweaty day and have your shower in the morning. You will need to wash your sheets more regularly in the latter case. As a rule of thumb, once a week or every two weeks should be fine.

Towels should ideally be washed more regularly – perhaps every few days – while your facecloth should be cleaned after every use. Because it gets completely wet, it will be wet for a longer time, and retain more skin cells and microbes.

Wash your towels at a high temperature (for example, 65°C) as that will kill many microbes^[13]. If you are conscious of saving energy, you can use a lower temperature and add a cup of vinegar to the wash. The vinegar will kill microbes and prevent bad smells^[14] from developing.

Clean your washing machine regularly and dry the fold in the rubber after every wash, as this is another place microbes like to grow.

Read more: Research Check: can tea towels cause food poisoning?^[15]

Smelly towels

What if you regularly wash your towels, but they still smell bad? One of the reasons for this pong could be that you’ve left them in the washing machine too long after the wash. Especially if it was a warm wash cycle, the time they’re warm and damp will allow microbes to happily grow. Under lab conditions^[16] the number of these bacteria can double every 30 minutes.

It’s important to hang your towel out to dry after use and not to leave towels in the washing machine after the cycle has finished. If possible, hang your towels and bedding out in the sun. That will dry them quickly and thoroughly and will foster that lovely fresh, clean cotton smell. Using a dryer is a good alternative if the weather is bad, but outdoors in the sun is always better if possible.

Also, even if your towel is going to be washed, don’t throw a wet towel into the laundry basket, as the damp, dirty towel will be an ideal place for microbes to breed. By the time you get to doing your washing, the towel and the other laundry around it may have acquired a bad smell. And it can be difficult to get your towels smelling fresh again.

What about ‘self-cleaning’ sheets and towels?

Some companies sell “quick-dry” towels or “self-cleaning” towels and bedding. Quick-dry towels are made from synthetic materials that are weaved in a way to allow them to dry quickly. This would help prevent the growth of microbes and the bad smells that develop when towels are damp for long periods of time.

But the notion of self-cleaning products is more complicated. Most of these products contain nanosilver^[18] or copper, antibacterial metals that kill micro-organisms. The antibacterial compounds will stop the growth of bacteria and can be useful to limit smells and reduce the frequency with which you need to clean your sheets and towels.

However, they’re not going to remove dirt like oils, skin flakes and sweat. So as much as I would love the idea of sheets and towels that clean themselves, that’s not exactly what happens.

Also, excessive use of antimicrobials such as nanosilver^[19] can lead to microbes becoming resistant^[20] to them.

References

1. ^{^} bed sheets should be washed (7news.com.au)
2. ^{^} almost half of single men (www.bbc.com)
3. ^{^} skin cells (www.frontiersin.org)
4. ^{^} microbes (www.ajicjournal.org)
5. ^{^} onto your sheets (theconversation.com)
6. ^{^} All the reasons you might be having night sweats – and when to see a doctor (theconversation.com)
7. ^{^} Moulds (www.qld.gov.au)
8. ^{^} damp environments (www.asthmaandlung.org.uk)
9. ^{^} exposure to these microbes (www.nhs.uk)
10. ^{^} asthma (aafa.org)
11. ^{^} skin infections (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
12. ^{^} Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock (www.shutterstock.com)
13. ^{^} kill many microbes (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
14. ^{^} prevent bad smells (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
15. ^{^} Research Check: can tea towels cause food poisoning? (theconversation.com)
16. ^{^} lab conditions (textbookofbacteriology.net)
17. ^{^} New Africa/Shutterstock (www.shutterstock.com)
18. ^{^} nanosilver (www.degruyter.com)
19. ^{^} such as nanosilver (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
20. ^{^} microbes becoming resistant (www.frontiersin.org)